It is well documented that many aspects of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, including pancreatic function and insulin action on the liver and other target organs, are influenced by the hypothalamus via neuronal signals (Myers, 2006) and that obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are associated with hypothalamic inflammation (Morton et al., 2006; Thaler et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.