In prostate cancer cell lines, leptin treatment increased TGFB1 secretion 2-3-fold in a time and dose dependent manner [48], and in A549 lung cancer cells, leptin exposure increased TGFB1 expression, enhanced metastasis and EMT induction that was inhibited by siRNA against TGFB1 [49]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to lung carcinoma.