Given the high profile role for hypoxia in the manifestations of both diabetes and PAD, the aim of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis that mediator markers of hypoxia (vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF-A), endothelial function (endothelin-1; ET-1) and oxidative stress (oxidised low density lipoprotein; ox-LDL), are higher in haemodialysis patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Here, VEGFA is linked to peripheral arterial disease.