In agreement with enhanced resistance, cipk6 mutant plants showed a markedly higher level of PR1 expression, while CIPK6OX plants exhibited a >3-fold lower expression level compared with wild-type and cipk6/PCIPK6::CIPK6 plants (Fig. 2A) Similar differential PR1 expression was observed in Col-0, cipk6, CIPK6OX, and cipk6/PCIPK6::CIPK6 plants in response to Pst DC3000-AvrRps4, -AvrB, and -AvrRpm1 infection, suggesting that CIPK6 negatively regulates effector-triggered defense signaling in Arabidopsis (Fig. 2B–D). Here, TMEM37 is linked to infection.