SALL1 and bacterial infectious disease: Specifically, in the infected host cells, Salmonella can process the fragment of the 5′ leader of bacterial ribosomal RNA operon transcript into 24 nt Sal-1, which in turn, facilitates the intracellular amplification and survival of Salmonella. Thus, the milRNA fragments like Sal-1, produced by Salmonella in the infected cells, may represent a novel class of virulence factors associated with bacterial infection and intracellular survival, and its potential pathogenic mechanism waiting for further study.