To investigate the expression levels of RPL23 and the related molecules Miz-1 and c-Myc in the BM haematopoietic cells of MDS patients, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of samples from MDS patients with different levels of risk were performed (the patients’ information is listed in Supplementary Table S1). The gene discussed is RPL23; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.