PTEN and cancer: Pathway annotation based on the KEGG database indicated that pathways in cancer (NES = 2.09, nominal p < 0.001, FDR q = 0.038) and apoptosis (NES = 1.65, nominal p = 0.033, FDR q = 0.199) were highly enriched, and the leading-edge subsets included Miz-1, CDKN1A (p21Cip1), c-Myc, PIK3CG, PTEN and other apoptosis-related genes (e.g., BCL2, FAS, and CDK6; Fig. 2d and 2e).