In particular, the tumor-derived RANTES/CCL5 cytokine stimulates CAFs to externalize the S100A4 protein which stimulates tumor cell survival and migration, up-regulation of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), down-regulation of tissue inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (TIMPs), activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and mitogen activated (MAP) kinase pathways, infiltration of T cells, and, finally, up-regulation of RANTES generating a signal amplification loop [31,32,33,34,35]. Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.