Interestingly, rVSV-IFN-β therapy was also associated with an increased expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells, both in injected and non-injected tumors, which could pose a potential limitation to the immunotherapy; however, this also indicates that combination therapies with PD-1 or PDL-1 inhibitors have the potential to result in synergistic responses. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is neoplasm.