Given the fact that transferring the microbiota of HFD-consuming mice to GF mice caused glucose intolerance in 6 days (37) and significant changes in the luminal butyrate concentrations of recipient GF mice at day 7 post-FMT (38), it is interesting to note that the acquired changes in microbiota in response to CAP protect against HFD-induced obesity because germfree mice that received microbiota from the HFD+C group exhibited lower levels of gut permeability, plasma LPS, and markers of CLGI in 2 weeks (Fig. 3). The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.