ASXL1 and myelodysplastic syndrome: ASXL1 mutations are common in myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [18, 19], chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) [20, 21], primary myelofibrosis [18, 22], and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [19, 23].