Translocation of peptidoglycan from the gut to neutrophils in the BMPeptidoglycan concentrations in sera correlate with neutrophil functionAntimicrobial capacity of neutrophils depends on recognition of microbiota-derived peptidoglycan from Gram-negative bacteria via the pattern-recognition receptor Nod1 but not Nod2 orTLR4Consistent with impaired innate priming Nod1-deficient mice were unable to control Streptococcus pneumoniae early sepsis. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is Sepsis.