For instance, mice deficient for MAPK phosphatase dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1)10 and MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1)11 showed exacerbated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia conducting to rapid death and to be paralleled by enhance MAPK signalling pathway activation and augmented pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion10, 11. Here, DUSP1 is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.