TNF and Sepsis: Sepsis involves excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)5, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)6 and Interleukin 6 (IL-6)7, which in turn hyper-activate different immune and non-immune cell types for the production of nitric oxide (NO)8 and reactive oxygen species (ROS)9.