Additionally, we analysed the expression of Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a protein that is sometimes shown to be increased in CAS but, if decreased in CAS, has been shown to predict early recurrence and poor clinical outcome in human breast cancer (e.g., reviewed in [42]), and FGF2, another marker upregulated in CAS [2,39]. Here, CAV1 is linked to breast carcinoma.