Dysregulation of the expression of TRPM1, TRPM8, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV6 have been observed in prostate, ovarian, breast, liver and bladder cancers.40, 41, 42 TRPV4 has not been reported to play roles in cancer although it would have been inadvertently observed to be elevated in cancer from various DNA microarray studies. This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and urinary bladder cancer.