Cytokines such as interleukins (IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-10, among others), surface receptors such as the Fcγ family (FCGRs), and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are considered key factors in the progression of periodontitis recruitment, differentiation and activation of B lymphocytes, inflammatory infiltrate, and stimulation of osteoclasts. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is periodontitis.