TNF and myocardial infarction: Blockade of the A2BAR inhibits caspase-1 activity and leukocyte infiltrate (Toldo et al., 2012), and attenuates secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators such as TGFβ, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) post-MI via a PKC-δ pathway (Figure 1) (Feng et al., 2009; Toldo et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014).