In addition, oxPTM-INS-Ab detected 4/23 (17.4%), 6/23 (26.1%), 7/18 (38.9%) and 5/12 (41.6%) progr-T1D children who were negative for GADA, IA-2A, IAA and ZnT8A, respectively (Fig. 3e–h). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.