NF-κB DNA binding activity in skeletal muscle of COPD (10.1 ± 7.4, (relative activity/μg protein)) was significantly higher than that of NS (1.0 ± 1.2, p = 0.004) and SM (3.9 ± 7.3, p = 0.020) (Fig. 2a). Here, NFKB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.