MAP1LC3A and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: To validate the screening results, we knocked down the genes encoding BRD2, BRD3, or BRD4 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma KP-4 cells and determined their effects on autophagy by monitoring the levels of the lipidated form of LC3 (LC3II)—a marker of autophagosome formation/accumulation (Klionsky et al., 2016).