In agreement with improved epithelial damage, GP supplementation reduced the protein and mRNA expression of both interleukin (IL)-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Figure 3A,B), and reduced the mRNA levels of IL-17, interferon (IFN-γ), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Figure 3C) in the HFD-fed DSS-colitis mice. Here, IL6 is linked to colitis.