CST1 and neoplasm: To further investigate the prognostic value of CST1 in different subgroups, patients were stratified according to the three main receptor expression groups, including ER status (Fig. 4a, b), PR status (Fig. 4c, d), and HER-2 status (Fig. 4e, f), and the common pathological indicators (Fig. 5a–i), including tumor size, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis status, and histological grade.