TNF and Stroke: Lipoxin A4 and its analogs have been shown to attenuate IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels 6 and 24 hr post‐stroke while increasing IL‐10 and TGFβ levels when injected into the brain at the time of occlusion in a tMCAO model (Y. Wu et al., 2010; Ye et al., 2010).