IL1B and Alzheimer disease: In another study, the expression of β-amyloid-binding receptors and β-amyloid-degrading enzymes in the microglia of 14-month-old AD mice were markedly reduced as compared to age-matched wild type littermates; meanwhile, expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα, were elevated in microglia (Hickman et al., 2008).