Patients with non-squamous NSCLC harboring EGFR activating mutations or clinical features that suggest their presence, have been enrolled in randomized clinical trials where TKIs were compared to platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment settings: results have clearly shown that TKIs improve prognosis and quality of life of patients when compared to traditional chemotherapy [13–18]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.