NFKB1 and leukemia: Inhibition of NF-κB can also induce intracellular ROS generation, leading to cell death.14 Consistent with previously observations that DS is an effective inhibitor of NF-κB, DS indeed downregulated p65 and inhibited expression of the NF-κB downstream genes in leukemia stem-like cells, whereas this event was markedly enhanced by co-administration of Cu.