As shown in Figures 3d–f, after exposure to DS (0.1 μM) with or without Cu (1 μM) for 6 h, a significant increase in intracellular ROS level was observed in primary CD34+ AML cells (P<0.01, DS/Cu versus untreated control; P<0.05, DS/Cu versus DS alone). This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and acute myeloid leukemia.