NFKB1 and cancer: Indeed, RAP1 was identified to bind with extratelomeric sites through a consensus motif, helping with gene transcriptional regulation.15, 16 Meanwhile, cytoplasmic RAP1 has been revealed for its essential role in modulating NF-κB signaling.17 Specifically, the RAP1–NF-κB axis was demonstrated to promote invasion of breast cancer cells.17 Given the broad activation of NF-κB signaling in human cancer, one would infer that RAP1 might contribute to the progression of other types of tumors via a similar mechanism.