Our results show that cytoplasmic RAP1 is more enriched in human high-grade NSCLCs, which is agreed by previous observations in breast cancer.17 Several independent studies have confirmed that NSCLC cells acquired malignancy-associated phenotypes after repetitive exposure to the cytotoxic agent CP;33, 36 we demonstrate here that similar treatment also leads to the induction of RAP1 expression. Here, TERF2IP is linked to breast carcinoma.