In human cancers such as gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, CXCL1 was demonstrated to mediate angiogenesis and promote tumor progression.31, 32, 33 Shintani et al.34 reported CXCL1 was highly expressed in different SCC cell lines and tumor specimens, and associated with microvessel density, leukocyte infiltration and lymph node metastasis. Here, CXCL1 is linked to cancer.