FGF2 and urinary bladder carcinoma: To address the mechanism by which FGF-2 promotes the aggressiveness of invasive bladder carcinomas, we examined the gene expression profiles of 407 muscle invasive bladder carcinomas in the TCGA database and we observed that FGF-2 expression correlates with the expression of transcription factors that promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness, as well as with the expression of mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin (VIM), and N-Cadherin (CDH2; Figure 2).