PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In 2011, Speliotes et al. conducted the third NAFLD GWAS [58], and identified five SNPs associated with NAFLD in or near PNPLA3 (rs738408), NCAN (rs2228603), PPP1R3B (rs4240624), GCKR (rs780094) and LYPLAL1 (rs12137855).