Of these marker combinations, a biomarker panel consisting of CA19-9, APOA4 and TIMP 1 [AUCpanel > 0.934 (95% CI: 0.877–0.970), SN/SP of 86%/90%] demonstrated better performance than any other biomarker panels, or CA 19-9 alone, for distinguishing early PC from pancreatitis (Table 3, Figure 3). The gene discussed is APOA4; the disease is pancreatitis.