The up-regulation of α-synuclein (Snca), identified in both areas of the Ids-ko mouse, is very important as its peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with AD, while defects in Snca have been involved in the death of dopaminergic neurons in the pathogenesis of PD [63]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.