VAV3 and gastric cancer: Zong et al. performed a genetic-level analysis of DNA methylation of gastric cancer cell lines, gastric cancer samples obtained from gastrectomies, normal gastric mucosa, and non-cancerous gastric mucosa where they confirmed that the OSR2, PPFIA3, and VAV3 genes are poorly methylated (5% or less) in non-cancerous and highly methylated (85% or more) cells in cancer cells.