PPIB and Hepatitis: In Asia, however, with support from an international task force of public health advocates, by the early 1990s a growing number of manufacturers were producing and distributing the plasma vaccine, prices had fallen below $1 per dose, and universal childhood immunisation against hepatitis B had become a realisable goal, at least for better-off Asian countries (Muraskin, 1995, passim; Maynard, Kane, & Hadler, 1989).