Aberrant TGFβ1 signalling contributes to the development of a multitude of conditions associated with heart failure such as dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, post-infarction myocardial remodelling, valvular diseases and arrhythmia in both mice and humans (Cambien et al. 1996; Schultz Jel et al. 2002; Euler-Taimor and Heger 2006; Khan and Sheppard 2006; Kapur et al. 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and heart failure.