KRAS and cutaneous melanoma: Among mouse cells, three Kras-mutant (Lewis lung carcinoma, LLC; MC38 colon adenocarcinoma; and AE17 malignant pleural mesothelioma, bearing heterozygous KrasG12C, KrasG13R, and KrasG12C mutations, respectively) and two Kras wild-type (B16F10 skin melanoma and PANO2 pancreatic adenocarcinoma) cell lines were identified, which were all free of additional mutations in Egfr, Pik3ca or Braf genes (Fig. 1a; Table 1).