Consistent with our microarray analysis of breast tumour samples, in which EVL was found upregulated in ER+ breast lesions (Supplementary Data 1 and 2), high EVL expression was positively associated with the expression of ER, in both DCIS and IDC, with the luminal A molecular subtype, the absence of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, the negative expression of the two basal markers cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and P-cadherin (P-cad) in DCIS lesions, and with low-grade DCIS and grade I IDC (Table 1B and Supplementary Table 3). Here, ERBB2 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.