Our analysis of TCGA database revealed that FGF19 amplification occurs frequently in a variety of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinomas (7%), oesophageal carcinomas (35%), head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (24%), breast invasive carcinomas (16%) and lung squamous cell carcinomas (14%) (Supplementary Fig. 8a and Supplementary Table 1). Here, FGF19 is linked to invasive breast carcinoma.