VEGFA and Retinal hemorrhage: Intriguingly, the VEGF-A–treated retinas of DTAiΔPC mice exhibited retinal hemorrhage, tortuous and enlarged vessels, and markedly increased Ang2, VEGFR2, FOXO1 nuclear localization and vascular leakage but decreased Tie2, while the BSA-treated retinas of those mice showed no apparent abnormalities in vascular structure or permeability (Fig. 9b,c; Supplementary Fig. 17).