TNF and Insulin resistance: To our knowledge no previous studies have investigated the relationship between FTO SNPs and TNF-alpha, only one study to date has examined the association between FTO mRNA expression and expression of TNF-alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and found that SAT FTO mRNA expression was related to SAT TNF-alpha expression, linking adipose tissue FTO expression and a proinflammatory molecule implicated in insulin resistance [48].