UBE3A and enteritis: SopA, an E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT)-like E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an effector protein that functionally mimics at least two mammalian HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases that support the induction of a host immune response, enteritis, and bacterial neutrophil transepithelial migration (Wood et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2006; Kamanova et al., 2016).