TNF and inflammation: Therefore, we studied local mRNA levels of additional cytokines that have been associated with ILC3 homeostasis, such as CXCL6, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-23 [21,31] and/ or intestinal inflammation, including IL-1β, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α [32–34].