The BrdU incorporation assay showed that both shRNA-1 and shRNA-2 mediated ATP6V1C1 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation of the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (Figure 5E-5F), MCF-7 (Figure 6A-6B), and MDA-MB-435s (Figure 6D-6E) compared to the scramble shRNA. Here, ATP6V1C1 is linked to breast cancer.