TNF and ovarian carcinoma: Our detection of CXCR3 ligands in mesothelial cells of the peritoneal wall and in chemotactically active concentrations in malignant ascites suggests a self-sustaining loop in peritoneal metastasis: inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α secreted by the primary tumor either into the circulation or into the peritoneal fluid could induce expression of CXCR3 ligands in mesothelial cells.42, 43 This in turn could chemotactically trigger the migration of ovarian cancer cells along the peritoneal cavity via CXCR3.