We examined HMGB1 levels in sera from 65 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing continuous inpatient video-EEG monitoring, 20 patients with well-controlled epilepsy (diagnosed more than 12 months previously, seizure-free for more than 6 months on AED therapy) included as drug-responsive epilepsy controls, and 74 healthy controls (Supplemental Tables 2–4). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is epilepsy.