HMGB1 and epilepsy: Moreover, the level of gliosis assessed in these rats 7.5 months after SE by postmortem glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was similar in the hippocampus of rats with epilepsy (showing elevated blood HMGB1) or without epilepsy (with no elevation of blood HMGB1) (Supplemental Figure 12B).