PARP1 and Parkinsonism: Interestingly, excessive nuclear PARP and PAR had already been reported in brains in the context of neurodegeneration, for example, in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Hungtington’s diseases (Love, Barber & Wilcock, 1999; Martire, Mosca & d’Erme, 2015; Vis et al., 2005; Cardinale et al., 2015).