Excessive nuclear PARP and PAR occur in brains in the context of neurodegeneration for example in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Hungtington’s diseases (Love, Barber & Wilcock, 1999; Martire, Mosca & d’Erme, 2015; Vis et al., 2005; Cardinale et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and Parkinsonism.