Under the influence of TGF-β, the expression of which is increased in human carcinomas, particularly in those of the breast and the pancreas, tumor cells acquire a variety of phenotypes that endow these cells with a selective advantage to growing carcinomas, including i) enhanced motility; ii) greater resistance to cytotoxic agents, chemotherapeutics, and radiation treatments; and iii) enhanced expansion of cancer-initiating and stem-like cells. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.