In this study, we explored the roles and relationship of TXNIP and NLRP3 in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in NAFLD patients, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFL and MCD diet-induced NASH in wild type (WT), TXNIP knockout (TXNIP−/−) and NLRP3−/− mice, and in isolated KCs. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.