NLRP3 and Other metabolic disease: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP, also known as VDUP1), which has been implicated in many metabolic diseases, is an essential intermediate that is associated with NLRP3 activation through binding to NLRP3 in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner after its detachment from thioredoxin (TRX) [18].