ELISA results showed that the serum FSTL1 levels in the protrusion group (7.240±0.905 ng/mL) and the extrusion group (11.080±1.961 ng/mL) were significantly higher than that of the scoliosis controls (5.301±0.779 ng/mL) (Figure 1A). The gene discussed is FSTL1; the disease is scoliosis.