BChE activity is heritable (H2 = 81.4 ±2.8%, p = 1.0910−32), influenced by BCHE gene polymorphisms(Valle et al., 2011), andassociated with lipid metabolism and factors related to obesity, such as weight (Chautard-Freire-Maia et al., 1991),body mass index (BMI) (Alcântara et al.,2005; Valle et al.,2011; Silva et al.,2012; Lima et al.,2013; Milano et al.,2013) and lipid profile (Alcântara etal., 2002; Benyamin etal., 2011, Scacchi etal., 2011; Chaves etal., 2013; Lima etal., 2013). The gene discussed is BCHE; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.