CD274 and melanoma: First, it was quite clear that all three reagents have anti-tumor activities (the response rates against melanoma for Nivolumab, Lambrolizumab, and BMS 936559 were 28, 38, and 17%, respectively); second, Nivolumab and the anti-PD-L1 antibody exhibited varied degrees of clinical activities in tumors other than melanomas such as in lung cancer, renal cancer, and ovarian cancer); third, the reagents targeting anti-PD-1 were found to be effective in patients that have previously received Ipilimumab; and fourth, the toxicities of all three reagents seemed to be considerably less severe [48–50].